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Holien

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  1. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Splinty in CM Cold War - Beta AAR - NO The_Capt or Bil   
    I too like others think the lack of infantry will hurt Bil.
    Yes if his tanks can survive they can have a go at destroying them, but once you have the infantry in buildings away from the edges of the village then it gets a lot harder as you then risk your vehicles to hand held AT.
    The Capt seems to be prepared to walk infantry spread out down to the village?
    I am looking forward to learning about the effects of DPICM on armour and that will only work if you can get it on target, often easier said than done.
    My first understanding of this period of conflict was playing in the 80's with micro armour and using the WRG rules on table top.
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wargames_Research_Group
    And just recently I played World at War Storming the Gap 85
    https://store.lnlpublishing.com/world-at-war-85-series
    This was being taught on TTS and allowed me to play the game with the designer. Excellent Table Top game and reminded me how the first M1 was no super tank as my tanks got taken out....
    https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=2141595623
    Really glad that times have changed and this period has now become fashionable and hence a market for folk to spend money on.
    I think it is in part down to folk like me who were kids in that age, computer literate and with disposable income to relive their childhoods. Just seeing the number of people saying how they served in Germany and are up for this shows the demand I think (hope)...
    🙂
     
     
     
  2. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Bil Hardenberger in CM Cold War - Beta AAR - NO The_Capt or Bil   
    Just thought it might be useful to have a thread where folk can talk about the AAR but without Bil or The Capt peeking?
    I enjoyed the discussion in Bil's thread about the tactics and other items that were perhaps better suited to it's own discussion. I have some questions which I will post later as off to enjoy the sun and get my daily walk in Lockdown....
    Just Pre-Ordered the game so really looking forward to this title...
  3. Upvote
    Holien reacted to HerrTom in CM Cold War - Beta AAR - NO The_Capt or Bil   
    Correct me if I'm wrong, but it looks like we can expect both main forces to run into each other in a nice clash of steel that the Capt might win due to his overwhelming firepower advantage. My read of the coming manoeuvres:
    https://imgur.com/scpRyd
    I'm not sure Bil is expecting a large push over the southern part of the valley, so it'll be interesting to see if he sniffs it out in time.
  4. Upvote
    Holien reacted to Bil Hardenberger in U.S. Thread - CM Cold War - BETA AAR - Battle of Dolbach Heights 1980   
    @chuckdyke, @IMHO@Ryujin can you guys please take these side conversations into another thread?  Unless they directly relate to the AAR they just serve to clutter the AAR conversation.
    Thanks, I'd appreciate it, Bil
  5. Upvote
    Holien reacted to The_Capt in CM Cold War - Beta AAR - Soviet Thread - Glorious Soviet Victory at Small German Town 1980   
    March to Glorious Victory Post Number One.
      So Bil and I have a loose-agreement (I would say gentlemen's but that is probably a stretch) to not peek at each others threads.  The dirty truth here is that this isn't really an AAR per se, it is more of an IAR (In Action Report).  Full disclosure, we are only about 6 mins into the thing, so I can't really put a spin on my plan or anything because I have no idea how this will end.  So far so good  but we are in early days.  We should start posting turn summaries tomorrow but for now may I present an end-product of about roughly 32 years of military training in both line and staff positions...The_Capt's glorious Mission Analysis!  
    So here we are on this grubby little peice of West German real-estate (seriously, Pete Wenman is a freakin wizard with these maps btw) facing off against what I am sure are overfed, overpaid and over-entitled Yankee capitalists all huddled in their vehicles waiting for something to happen.  So like they taught me back in the day..let's start with terrain:

    So my guys are coming from the bottom, Bil and his jerks are up near the top.  I have a bunch of woods except for this defile behind a hwy bridge that I have to deploy my main force out of.  We have a big valley between us and the town of Dollbach in the center which is the golden goose we are both lining up to grab, whilst killing the other guy.  Not much to see on my map edge except a bunch of woods with some dirt roads cut through them.  
    Bil has the high ground ridge up there and there are three major wooded areas that him and his ilk are no doubt hiding out in.  It is more one on the left but pretty much that approach along with the Valley is dominated by Bil's thugs.  In short, this is not an optimal starting position.
    Bil's Plan.  So I have learned some time ago that you are not fighting vehicles and equipment, you are fighting a person (Capt's rule #1).  So spend time understanding and getting inside the head of that person.  With Bil it is easy because we have been sparring in CM for just about 2 decades now.  So here is what I am thinking, that Bil is thinking:

    So Bil is probably going to be cautious and build a nice path to victory here.  First he is going to put out Eyes in those woodlines, then he will reinforce with teeth because why stick his neck out if he does not have to?  Then once I have watered the West German countryside with my blood (and other fluids) he will make his reach for Dollbach (Hands...dirty, old, wrinkly hands with yellow fingernails).  I will be at a significant disadvantage at this point because I will be dead, and you do not fight so well when dead (Capt's rule #2).  So my role here is to play peeky snipey from a really crappy position with Soviet gear that does not see as well as his sexy US optics...hmm...Capt no-likey, no likey...one bit.  So now the Plan:

    My end goal is to make Bil more dead than me, not to get heavily invested in the West German real estate market.  So we are going to try something simple and blunt.  First, I will get Eyes on my woodline, gotta see what I can see (Capt's Rule #3).  Then I am going to put out hands...fingers really, to make it look like the land grab is my only game.  Then once my art start dropping (could be wait here cause he has EW turned on), I am going to bull rush that corridor and swing up into those hills to kill Bil (Teeth).  This is going to be tricky and I am going to take losses but I can afford them.  I get a MIC FSE in 5 and another Tank Coy-ish in 10, so I will have mass because I am betting the best he has is an Armd Cav platoon, maybe two.  So basically we will play Bil's snipey peeky game for a bit, push recon out into that town to make me look desperate and then freakin charge on the left.  Questions?
     
  6. Upvote
    Holien reacted to IICptMillerII in Promo Video   
    This is something I threw together in my own time. Please remember that this is from a beta build of the game and is subject to change. 
  7. Upvote
    Holien reacted to MikeyD in Welcome to 2021!   
    I had to lobby hard to get Valentine into the game. Steve was originally not going to include it. He'd imagined Valentine numbers had petered out due to attrition by the title's timeframe.  But I provided documents with Valentine numbers in specific Russian units in the closing months, plus photo proof of their use in battle. Steve said he was genuinely surprised how many Valentines were still active. One reason why the Russian loved their Valentines was the darned things just didn't break. As reliable as a hammer. It also had a tiny light tank silhouette while mounting a medium tank's cannon. So yeh, its a MikeyD favorite. 
  8. Upvote
    Holien reacted to Warts 'n' all in Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich   
    Wanders in and goes over to the gramophone, gives the big brass horn a rub, cranks the handle and puts on....
     
  9. Upvote
    Holien reacted to kevinkin in Combat Mission History   
    The Wargamer changed its look overnight and has a article on the entire 20 years. 
    https://www.wargamer.com/combat-mission/games
  10. Upvote
    Holien reacted to Lethaface in Will Russia Attack Ukraine in September?   
    Don't see the relevance indeed. It's not like USA has annexed Crimea or has soldiers vacationing inside East Ukraine, against the wishes of Ukr government. So, from there this thread started; whether the attack was likely or not.
    USA does have it's own fair share of military endeavors (no fan of their foreign policy usually), but that doesn't undo what Russia does.

    Anyway I read the thread more like 'new possible cause for friction in the 'semi dormant' conflict between Russia and Ukraine, taking place inside East-Ukraine as we all have been able to know about.
  11. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Lethaface in D Day Zoom Lecture - Free to Sign Up (Donations to Museum welcome) Friday 29th January 2021   
    This might interest those with a Normandy interest...
    https://www.soldiersofshropshire.co.uk/events/
    (Virtual) Lecture Series 2021: “75 Years On – Shropshire Soldiers on D-Day” – David Thornycroft, 29th January 2021, 7 – 8pm
    UK Time
    https://www.soldiersofshropshire.co.uk/events/?event=EVENT606167
     
     
    Not sure if there is a ticket limit but let's give the guys some support...
    P.s. No UK VAT or taxes have to be paid to take part.. (All from Europe and the World Welcome...)
    😈
     
     
  12. Like
    Holien got a reaction from para in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    Further evidence of "taking back control"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55734277
    Seems like there will be lots of goods being returned. Of course the liars in charge are saying these are all just teething problems. 
    Project Reality...
     
  13. Like
    Holien got a reaction from para in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    This might explain the new rules?
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55530721
    The joys of a democratic process undermined by foreign interference, lies and a populist right wing liar whose simplifying message is broken down into 3 word sound bites used to emote feelings of a lost world....
    The consequences are now being felt as these teething problems are being highlighted.
    Project reality...
    It could be worse?
     
     
     
  14. Upvote
    Holien reacted to Drifter Man in Some tank duel tests (CMBN)   
    I don't seek out armor duels because they are a bit like tossing a coin, but they come up again and again. So I was interested to learn what I can do to maximize the chances for my tank in a duel if it gets into one.
    So I put two identical Pz IVH (late) tanks with regular crews, no modifiers, against each other at 600 m range. I called one "Attacker" and the other "Defender", although it does not mean anything. I put both on a mild slope (partial hull down) and varied different conditions. Crew hatches open/closed, vehicle movement, terrain type, crew experience. I ran each case at least 1000 times and recorded the percentage of wins by each side. A 'win' means that the other vehicle was destroyed or the crew bailed out. If both vehicles were alive after 5 minutes, neither side won - usually one vehicle got hit and retreated back down the slope. If neither vehicle survived, both sides got a win.
    The tables show the win rate on each side. The statistics were not perfect even with 1000 duels per case. Results of repeat runs could vary by up to +/- 3%. Notably I did not get a perfectly symmetric results even for reference cases R1 and R4 where the vehicles had identical conditions on both sides. So, don't take the numbers as the absolutely accurate truth. They just show what works.
    Pz IVH was a good tank for this purpose because it can easily kill itself - powerful gun and vs weak armor. Therefore, the duels were mainly about who is able to spot first and land the first round accurately on target.
    I did not find anything revolutionary - mostly stuff people already know and do - but it was still interesting to see the numbers. Here it is:
    1. Keep your crew hatches open when expecting to fight an enemy AFV. If you can, force the enemy to close theirs.
    Table 1. Effect of crew hatches open/closed. Both AFVs are stationary on Grass.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Closed
    49%
    49%
    Closed
    Open [R1]
    48%
    50%
    [R1] Open
    Open
    76%
    21%
    Closed
    2. Minimize movement when within enemy LOS. Stop as soon as your vehicle can see the place where the enemy is (represented with the "Hull Down" command in the table below, which gives additional advantage of being harder to see and hit due to being hull down; this is not to say that the Hull Down command is always useable, but it worked here well because the Attacker was going up the slope). Movement makes you more visible - and it does not appear to matter what kind of movement command you use - in fact the faster movement commands seem to work a bit better.
    Table 2. Effect of vehicle movement. Attacker starts out of LOS and moves in towards the Defender using different movement commands. Both AFVs are on Grass and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Hunt [R2]
    41%
    57%
    [R2] Stationary
    Slow
    35%
    63%
    Stationary
    Move
    39%
    59%
    Stationary
    Quick
    42%
    56%
    Stationary
    Fast
    41%
    57%
    Stationary
    Hull Down
    61%
    29%
    Stationary
    Quick: Minimizes the time interval when the Attacker is moving within the Defender’s FOV. Therefore, Quick works well as it gets the attacker into position quickly, whereas Slow works poorly.
    Hull Down: Better cover than the Defender and minimizes time when the Attacker is moving within the Defender’s FOV. Also: Easier to disengage when damaged – probably for both sides. High percentage of duels with no winner.
    3. If you have to Hunt, point 1. about crew hatches still applies and can reverse the odds in your favor.
    Table 3. Effect of crew hatches open/closed while the Attacker is moving. Attacker starts out of LOS and moves in towards the Defender using Hunt. The Defender is stationary. Both AFVs are on Grass and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Closed
    37%
    60%
    Closed
    Open [R2]
    41%
    57%
    [R2] Open
    Open
    64%
    34%
    Closed
    Closed
    14%
    82%
    Open
    4. Target arc can serve various purposes but does not help with seeing or hitting the enemy. TRP helps, likely by increasing the chances of a first hit.
    Table 4. Effect of using Target Armor Arc and Target Reference Point (TRP). Both AFVs are stationary on Grass and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    No arc [R1]
    48%
    50%
    [R1] No arc
    Target Armor Arc
    50%
    49%
    No arc
    TRP on Defender
    72%
    28%
    No TRP
    Note: Target Arc can still help by pointing the gun and the Commander’s attention to the right direction if the vehicle is not moving directly towards the defender. Also, it prevents distraction of the Attacker by other, low-priority targets.
    5. Ground type can provide some help by concealment. Tall types of grass (T and TY), Weeds, Brush, Lt Forest (without trees) and Crop 1 give a small advantage over hard or bare surfaces. Very tall types of crops (2-6) and Grass XT give significant advantage. There is no disadvantage in being on road or pavement compared to grass, but sand, mud and cobblestone seem to hurt a little, possibly because they lower the chances of disengaging when retreating in damaged condition.
    Trees are complicated and depend on type. Type A trees are somewhat helpful if there are 2 or 3 on the tile. Type B trees are not helpful at all. Type C trees seem to be best, especially if there are 2 or 3. Type D trees are somewhat helpful independently on their number. Type E are like Type A. Bush does not make much of a change.
    Stone and brick walls and low bocage give some advantage - can be concealment as well as cover. But bocage is the big one. A tank behind bocage almost always wins against a tank in open ground.
    Table 5a. Effect of Defender ground type – bare surfaces, hard surfaces and roads. Attacker on Grass. Both AFVs are stationary and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Grass
    45%
    51%
    Dirt
    Grass
    47%
    50%
    Dirt Red
    Grass
    49%
    48%
    Hard
    Grass
    50%
    48%
    Rocky
    Grass
    49%
    49%
    Rocky Red
    Grass
    52%
    47%
    Sand
    Grass
    52%
    47%
    Mud
    Grass
    50%
    49%
    Pavement 1
    Grass
    50%
    50%
    Pavement 2
    Grass
    52%
    47%
    Cobblestone
    Grass
    47%
    51%
    Gravel
    Grass
    46%
    49%
    Dirt Lot
    Grass
    49%
    48%
    Dirt Road
    Grass
    47%
    50%
    Gravel Road
    Grass
    51%
    48%
    Paved 1
    Grass
    48%
    51%
    Paved 2
    Grass
    47%
    49%
    Foot Path
    Sand, Mud, Cobblestone (?): Can impair movement, possibly making retreat of a damaged vehicle slower and less likely to succeed before the Attacker fires another accurate shot.
    Table 5b. Effect of Defender ground type – low vegetation and cultivated fields. Attacker on Grass. Both AFVs are stationary and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Grass [R1]
    48%
    50%
    [R1] Grass
    Grass
    50%
    47%
    Grass Y
    Grass
    50%
    48%
    Clover
    Grass
    50%
    48%
    Flowers
    Grass
    49%
    50%
    Plow NS
    Grass
    50%
    50%
    Plow EW
    Grass
    43%
    57%
    Grass T
    Grass
    43%
    55%
    Grass TY
    Grass
    44%
    54%
    Weeds
    Grass
    44%
    55%
    Grass + Brush
    Grass [R3]
    46%
    54%
    [R3] Lt Forest
    Grass
    42%
    57%
    Crop 1
    Grass
    39%
    60%
    Crop 2
    Grass
    39%
    60%
    Crop 3
    Grass
    39%
    60%
    Crop 4
    Grass
    40%
    58%
    Crop 5
    Grass
    39%
    59%
    Crop 6
    Grass
    38%
    60%
    Grass XT
    Table 5c. Effect of Defender ground type – foliage. Attacker on Grass. Both AFVs are stationary and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Grass [R1]
    48%
    50%
    [R1] Grass, no foliage
    Grass
    50%
    46%
    Grass + 1x Type A Tree
    Grass
    44%
    51%
    Grass + 2x Type A Tree
    Grass
    42%
    54%
    Grass + 3x Type A Tree
    Grass
    49%
    49%
    Grass + 1x Type B Tree
    Grass
    51%
    46%
    Grass + 2x Type B Tree
    Grass
    51%
    47%
    Grass + 3x Type B Tree
    Grass
    43%
    52%
    Grass + 1x Type C Tree
    Grass
    33%
    62%
    Grass + 2x Type C Tree
    Grass
    32%
    62%
    Grass + 3x Type C Tree
    Grass
    44%
    52%
    Grass + 1x Type D Tree
    Grass
    44%
    51%
    Grass + 2x Type D Tree
    Grass
    40%
    55%
    Grass + 3x Type D Tree
    Grass
    50%
    47%
    Grass + 1x Type E Tree
    Grass
    42%
    55%
    Grass + 2x Type E Tree
    Grass
    41%
    55%
    Grass + 3x Type E Tree
    Grass
    49%
    49%
    Grass + 1x Type A Bush
    Grass
    52%
    47%
    Grass + 2x Type A Bush
    Grass
    50%
    46%
    Grass + 3x Type A Bush
    Grass [R3]
    46%
    54%
     [R3] Lt Forest, no foliage
    Grass
    44%
    54%
    Lt Forest + 1x Type A Tree
    Grass
    39%
    57%
    Lt Forest + 2x Type A Tree
    Grass
    37%
    59%
    Lt Forest + 3x Type A Tree
    1x Tree: Can be detrimental because it does not provide enough concealment and can trigger APHE shells passing high, wounding the exposed Commander.
    Table 5d. Effect of Defender ground type – walls and fences. Attacker on Grass. Both AFVs are stationary and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Grass [R4]
    48%
    51%
    [R4] Grass
    Grass
    46%
    54%
    Grass + Stone
    Grass
    47%
    52%
    Grass + Brick
    Grass
     
     
    Grass + Rural Stone
    Grass
    43%
    55%
    Grass + Low Bocage
    Grass
    7%
    89%
    Grass + Bocage
    6. Crew experience - there is a big change from Green to Regular to Veteran, but Crack gives little advantage over Veteran.
    Table 6. Effect of crew Experience. Both AFVs are stationary on Grass and the crew hatches are open.
    Attacker
    Defender
    Green
    33%
    66%
    Regular
    Regular
    36%
    61%
    Veteran
    Veteran
    44%
    57%
    Crack
    Green
    20%
    78%
    Veteran
    Regular
    32%
    67%
    Crack
    Green
    18%
    82%
    Crack
  15. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Wicky in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    Further evidence of "taking back control"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55734277
    Seems like there will be lots of goods being returned. Of course the liars in charge are saying these are all just teething problems. 
    Project Reality...
     
  16. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Petrus58 in D Day Zoom Lecture - Free to Sign Up (Donations to Museum welcome) Friday 29th January 2021   
    This might interest those with a Normandy interest...
    https://www.soldiersofshropshire.co.uk/events/
    (Virtual) Lecture Series 2021: “75 Years On – Shropshire Soldiers on D-Day” – David Thornycroft, 29th January 2021, 7 – 8pm
    UK Time
    https://www.soldiersofshropshire.co.uk/events/?event=EVENT606167
     
     
    Not sure if there is a ticket limit but let's give the guys some support...
    P.s. No UK VAT or taxes have to be paid to take part.. (All from Europe and the World Welcome...)
    😈
     
     
  17. Upvote
    Holien reacted to Lucky_Strike in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    Okkkaayyyy .... obviously not quick enough to fathom that one, do you by chance play along to Only Connect.
    No one is saying that VAT relief on gifts is applicable, I was simply quoting and hopefully clarifying the points at which VAT is applicable.
    Again, nobody is saying that LVRC is applicable to buying CMWE, I was just drawing attention to the fact that it no longer applies to anything, as of 1 Jan, make of that what you will, I am pretty certain that I know why it’s stopped.
    As to whether VAT was included or not in the game price BEFORE 1 Jan and is added on top of the price now, well let me see, before it was $60, now it’s $72, either BF didn’t have to charge VAT, didn’t want to charge it, didn’t care to charge it, or it was included in the price, and now they are going to charge it. What’s changed since 1 Jan ... let me see ... ooh can’t mention that might cause an upset.
  18. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Lucky_Strike in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    Further evidence of "taking back control"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55734277
    Seems like there will be lots of goods being returned. Of course the liars in charge are saying these are all just teething problems. 
    Project Reality...
     
  19. Upvote
    Holien got a reaction from Grey_Fox in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    Further evidence of "taking back control"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55734277
    Seems like there will be lots of goods being returned. Of course the liars in charge are saying these are all just teething problems. 
    Project Reality...
     
  20. Like
    Holien got a reaction from Vacillator in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    Further evidence of "taking back control"
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55734277
    Seems like there will be lots of goods being returned. Of course the liars in charge are saying these are all just teething problems. 
    Project Reality...
     
  21. Upvote
    Holien got a reaction from Lucky_Strike in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    This might explain the new rules?
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55530721
    The joys of a democratic process undermined by foreign interference, lies and a populist right wing liar whose simplifying message is broken down into 3 word sound bites used to emote feelings of a lost world....
    The consequences are now being felt as these teething problems are being highlighted.
    Project reality...
    It could be worse?
     
     
     
  22. Like
    Holien got a reaction from John1966 in Price differences for CM games for UK and EU customers   
    This might explain the new rules?
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-55530721
    The joys of a democratic process undermined by foreign interference, lies and a populist right wing liar whose simplifying message is broken down into 3 word sound bites used to emote feelings of a lost world....
    The consequences are now being felt as these teething problems are being highlighted.
    Project reality...
    It could be worse?
     
     
     
  23. Upvote
    Holien reacted to SimpleSimon in John Gooch releases sequel to first book. "Mussolini's War"   
    Deserted, captures were probably returned, and I imagine quite a few were lost in the Alpine forests and hillsides in the snowdrifts, dying from exposure. 

    Here's a map from Wikipedia's extremely detailed page on the invasion. The Piccolo San Bernardino (Little Saint Bernard) is the pass 4th Army is facing into. And as you can see, it happened to be one of the most heavily defended routes. Italian "Divisions" as we know, are being referred to as Divisions on this map but in fact they're more like Brigade groups. While the French look completely screwed, as we read appearances can be deceiving. The French Divisions are full strength, and the Alpine troops were crack formations. Forts overlook all of the favorable routes and the Bernard pass was guarded by the infamous Fort de la Redoute, which was in fact several forts built in the vicinity of an old Napoleonic fort. 
    Bourg St Maurice (savoie-fortifications.com)
    Map of the full position (website is in French). The Italians never knew about most of the sites, and bad weather thwarted reconnaissance. 
  24. Upvote
    Holien reacted to Sgt.Squarehead in Steven Zaloga, how accurate???   
    His models are pretty impressive:

    That really is a kit. 
    You can see them here:  https://tankandafvnews.com/2016/04/11/steven-zaloga-afv-model-gallery/
     
  25. Upvote
    Holien reacted to SimpleSimon in John Gooch releases sequel to first book. "Mussolini's War"   
    The Other Battle of France.
    Despite having spent over 70 years studying the border, Italian Generals and military minds proved remarkably unimaginative over their plans for an invasion of south France. Most plans settled on an attack through the passes through the Corniche and Colle di Tenda and advancing to establish a line on the Rhone river, but few details more specific than those items were considered. Nothing at all was considered after reaching the Rhone. In 1928 the French had begun work on the Ligne Maginot Alpine series of fortifications along the border. These fortifications were much less dense than those on the Maginot Line proper, but were well concealed. The French had guessed the potential invasion routes correctly and consequently much of the defense was oriented at the routes the Italians planned on invading through. 
    In March 1940 Graziani posted general order PR 12, which noted the possibility of offensive action through the Alps toward Albertville and Annecy, but mainly emphasized a defensive stance. 4th Army HQ considered but never followed through with a request for the Bersagliari to study an attack through the Piccolo san Bernardino pass. At the end of May Graziani put PR 12 into effect and Mussolini added up his personal command that Army Group West (consisting of 1st and 4th Armies) remain on the defensive and not push the border under any circumstances. Yet Army Commanders were also asked to study potential offensive plans "under favorable circumstances" from increasingly confusing communiques from Rome. 
    1st Army HQ produced a plan for an attack Colle della Maddalena which was very conventional in design, but Graziani preferred the plan drawn up by 4th Army HQ for an attack through the San Bernarndino pass north, especially since it emphasized speed and maneuver which was closer to Fascist preference. Wildly optimistic assumptions were made about moving motorized and armored divisions through a cart track and that the Regia Aeronautica would have trouble knocking out the forts at Bourg-en-Bresse that guarded the pass. 
    On June 10th Italy declared war on France. While German troops entered Paris a few days later and the Third Republic began to collapse, Italian troops were told to begin conducting small unit-action attacks against French positions on the frontier. General Roatta was instructed to take on deployments necessary for advances through the Colle della Maddalena and Piccolo San Bernardino passes, now fully jettisoning the defensive-elements of PR 12. French patrols were spotted probing the Italian side of the border and in some retaliations some prisoners were taken by the Italians. When Marshall Petain became leader and began agitating for a for an armistice Mussolini interpreted this as the sign of total capitulation he'd been hoping for and pushed Graziani to go on the offensive-which he was enthusiastically agreed to. 
    Furious that Germany might agree to cease hostilities with France before he had been able to cleave anything for himself, Mussolini disregarded warnings about the challenges his troops faced attacking through the Alps. On June 23rd, just as the Italian offensive was getting underway-Mussolini was invited by Hitler to attend a conference discussing French surrender terms. Mussolini showed up at Munich with a huge wish list of items Hitler was completely unwilling to grant any of. They included items such as Italian occupation of the French naval base in Oran (Mers-el-Kebir), Casablanca, Corsica, Tunisia, and the handover of the French Fleet.
    Hitler was not prepared to entertain any of these demands, worried that putting too much pressure on Marshall Petain would lead to his government fleeing to North Africa. Ciano got the impression that Germany was looking for a peaceful settlement with England, and began to realize that there unlikely to be joint German-Italian negotiations with the French. When informed Mussolini only got more greedy. Now he wanted all of Algeria and Egypt to become Italian client states too. 
    As the Offensive against France got underway the Italian's strategy rapidly collapsed into chaos. Roatta received calls from both Army's HQs that neither one of them would be ready to conduct their advances on time, with Guzzoni stating he also needed an armored division and an engineer battalion. Mussolini was informed of this and briefly considered allowing Army Group West to delay, but once he heard the Germans had reach Lyon he changed his mind again and commanded them forward. 
    Petain had ordered French troops to stop fighting, but the local French Commanders decided to disobey the Marshall's orders and agreed to stand and fight. The remaining elements of the French Army were enraged by the Italian stab-in-the-back and had no intention of giving up an inch of French territory to Mussolini's vulturine dash for easy conquests. The German force in Lyon delayed its own advance on the French Alpine positions-but failed to notify Badoglio's HQ of this, and he ordered Army Group West forward into the San Bernardino pass after a 39 aircraft bombardment on suspected French positions by Regia Aeronautica.
    The bombardments missed the French mostly and with minimal knowledge of where French emplacements were Italian columns rapidly became pinned down by French battery fire. It began to snow heavily and Italian columns were ambushed on their flanks by French Ski and Alpine troops. The bad weather crippled Regia Aeronautica, and in the confusion some Italian troops were bombed and attacked by their own airplanes. A few days after the initial advance began a 2nd advance bogged down for all the same reasons-unchallenged French artillery fire, unknown French bunker positions, and bad weather. Only now the Italian's artillery participated in bombardments of their own troops. By the 23rd Mussolini phoned Badoglio and admitted that he wasn't interested in any territorial occupation of France tating that "Hitler might accuse me of having upset the armistice". 
    Fortunately for the Italians, by June 24th French General Charles Huntziger had agreed to an armistice and the four day Franco-Italian war came to an end. The Italians lost 642 men KIA, 2631 wounded, and 616 missing. Over 2,100 got frostbite. The binaria Divisions had done awfully, with their two Regiments frequently becoming exhausted and pinned down along parallel but isolated routs of advance. Without a 3rd Regiment Italian commanders did not have sufficient manpower to rotate exhausted units into reserve, and their men had to stand and fight without respite. Mussolini personally visited the scene of the action at the Piccolo San Bernardino, but convinced himself the episode was a a triumph, boasting to Clara Petacci that "our soldiers overcame very strong resistance". 
    Next time, Graziani goes on (a very slow) one-time-only tour in Africa! Italo Balbo meets an unfortunate fate, and a pair of palm trees are confused for a battleship. Find out next time on Mussolini's Mediterranean Misadventures...
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