The French developed the Mitrailleuse (spelling?)
in the late 1860s and it was deployed in time for the 1870 War w/ Prussia in small #s. The French had kept this weapon such a tight secret however that field commanders weren't entirely sure how to deploy it at the outset of hostilities. In most cases it was deployed "in battery" along w/ the artillery and was never really decisive in any battles. If used properly it could have vastly changed the outcome of that War. Anyway, I would say that it is one the links between the US Gatling Gun and Remmingtons 1898 (?)machinegun which was soon followed by Maxim's marvel (1908?). By 1916 most countries saw the need for a "lite" machinegun that could move forward to clear trenches w/ the infantry. This led to the creation of a new generation of machineguns known as squad automatic weapons (ie. BAR, the French Chauchat). Here is a small but good site.
www.ankkurinvarsi.net/jaeger/LMG2.htm
Hope that helps. I'm at work so just going off of memory here!
[ August 13, 2002, 04:46 PM: Message edited by: Poobear ]